China‘s New Drinking Water Quality Standard: An Overview

On April 1, 2023, China officially implemented the latest version of its national drinking water quality standard, Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749-2022). Approved by the State Administration for Market Regulation and the Standardization Administration of China on March 15, 2022, this mandatory standard replaces the previous GB 5749-2006 version, which had been in effect for 16 years. Rather than merely adjusting the number of parameters, the new standard reflects a more scientific, targeted, and comprehensive approach to safeguarding drinking water safety.

Key Changes in Water Quality Indicators

The total number of water quality indicators has been reduced from 106 in the 2006 version to 97 in the 2022 edition. These are now organised into two categories: 43 routine indicators, which reflect the basic condition of drinking water quality, and 54 extended indicators, which address regional characteristics or specific circumstances. This reclassification—replacing the previous “routine and non‑routine” division—provides greater clarity and precision.

Four New Indicators Added

To address emerging contamination risks, four new indicators have been introduced. Perchlorate, commonly used in fireworks and propellants, is associated with thyroid disorders. Acetochlor, a widely used herbicide with endocrine‑disrupting properties, has been detected in drinking water sources at notable frequencies. 

The other two additions—2‑methylisoborneol (2‑MIB) and geosmin—are odour‑causing compounds responsible for earthy or musty tastes and smells in water. Their inclusion reflects a stronger emphasis on sensory quality and consumer acceptability.

Thirteen Indicators Removed

Thirteen indicators have been deleted, primarily substances that have long been banned from production and use in China or have rarely been detected in recent years. These include pesticides such as DDT, lindane, and parathion, as well as formaldehyde and sulfide. Removing these parameters allows the standard to focus more effectively on current and relevant risks.

Revised Limits and Reclassifications

Eight indicators have had their limit values revised. Among these, limits for seven parameters—including nitrate, turbidity, and free chlorine—have been tightened. In addition, eleven indicators have been moved from the extended category to routine indicators. Notably, six disinfection by‑products—such as bromodichloromethane—along with ammonia (as N), have been reclassified as routine indicators, strengthening the control over disinfection by‑products.

Unified Standards Across Urban and Rural Areas

A significant policy change is the removal of special provisions for small‑scale centralised and decentralised water supplies. This adjustment eliminates the previous distinction between urban and rural areas, ensuring that all residents—regardless of location—are protected by the same drinking water quality standards.